1. Part I Answer all questions in this part. Directions (1 - 50): For each statement or question, record on your separate answer sheet the number of the word or expression that, of those given, best completes the statement or answers the question. 1 What was a main reason large plantations developed in the South during the colonial period? (1) British laws promoted the growth of slavery in the South. (2) Cotton could only be grown in wetlands. (3) Southern mountains led to the development of isolated, self-sufficient farms. (4) The climate in the South provided longer growing seasons.   1   2   3   4   Hint Half-n-half Clue   2. 2 In the 1780s, the national government under the Articles of Confederation established its authority in the Northwest Territory by (1) providing a system for the formation of new states (2) settling the border dispute with Mexico (3) extending the nation’s border to the Rocky Mountains (4) rejecting Native American Indian claims of sovereignty   1   2   3   4   Half-n-half Clue   3. 3 A fundamental principle of a republican form of government is that (1) hereditary rulers are the legitimate possessors of political power (2) legislation must be passed by the elected representatives of the people (3) laws should be created directly by the citizens (4) governments are not responsible for protecting individual rights   1   2   3   4   Half-n-half Clue   4. 4 What was a major argument used by the Antifederalists to oppose ratifying the Constitution? (1) Congress was given the power to tax exports. (2) The executive branch lacked the power to maintain order. (3) The proposed Constitution contained no bill of rights. (4) Only the national government could coin money.   1   2   3   4   Half-n-half Clue   5. 5 The judicial branch of government can check the legislative branch of government by (1) vetoing bills passed by Congress (2) declaring laws unconstitutional (3) calling special sessions of Congress (4) reducing congressional budgets   1   2   3   4   Half-n-half Clue   6. 6 “. . . Because finally, ‘the equal right of every citizen to the free exercise of his Religion according to the dictates of conscience’ is held by the same tenure with all our other rights. If we recur to [go to] its origin, it is equally the gift of nature; . . .” - James Madison The belief expressed in this statement was put into law by the (1) signing of the Mayflower Compact (2) creation of the Articles of Confederation (3) establishment of a federal system of government (4) addition of the first amendment to the United States Constitution   1   2   3   4   Half-n-half Clue   7. 7 “. . . To make all Laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into Execution the foregoing Powers, and all other Powers vested by this Constitution in the Government of the United States, or in any Department or Officer thereof.” - Article I, Section 8, United States Constitution This clause was used by Secretary of the Treasury Alexander Hamilton to justify (1) establishing the Bank of the United States (2) creating a federal postal system (3) sending troops to end the Whiskey Rebellion (4) imposing an embargo on trade with Great Britain   1   2   3   4   Half-n-half Clue   8. Base your answers to questions 8 and 9 on the map below and on your knowledge of social studies. 8 Which two areas of the map made up the United States in 1803 as a result of the Louisiana Purchase? (1) A and B (3) B and D (2) A and D (4) E and G   1   2   3   4   Half-n-half Clue   9. 9 Which of these areas was acquired as a result of the Mexican-American War? (1) A (3) F (2) B (4) G   1   2   3   4   Half-n-half Clue   10. Base your answer to question 10 on the quotation below and on your knowledge of social studies. “. . . As a bond of union between the Atlantic and the western states, it may prevent the dismemberment of the American empire. As an organ of communication between the Hudson, the Mississippi, the St. Lawrence, the great lakes of the north and west, and their tributary rivers, it will create the greatest inland trade ever witnessed. . . .” - New York Governor DeWitt Clinton, April 26, 1824 10 Which development in transportation is Governor Clinton describing? (1) National Road (3) steamboats (2) Erie Canal (4) railroads   1   2   3   4   Half-n-half Clue   11. 11 An example of the use of the unwritten constitution is the (1) president’s cabinet (2) amendment process (3) bicameral legislature (4) electoral college   1   2   3   4   Half-n-half Clue   12. Base your answer to question 12 on the chart below and on your knowledge of social studies. 12 Which generalization is supported by the information in the chart? (1) The South exported more manufactured goods than the North. (2) The North would have more difficulty supplying an army than the South. (3) The North had greater economic strength than the South. (4) The South would be better able to transport an army than the North.   1   2   3   4   Half-n-half Clue   13. Base your answer to question 13 on the poster below and on your knowledge of social studies. 13 Which government action most directly prompted the publication of this poster? (1) issuance of the Emancipation Proclamation (2) passage of the Kansas-Nebraska Act (3) rejection of the Wilmot Proviso (4) adoption of the Missouri Compromise   1   2   3   4   Half-n-half Clue   14. 14 At the start of the Civil War, President Abraham Lincoln stated that the major reason for fighting the war was to (1) break the South’s economic ties to Great Britain (2) uphold the Constitution by preserving the Union (3) enforce the terms of the Compromise of 1850 (4) punish the Confederate states for leaving the Union   1   2   3   4   Half-n-half Clue   15. 15 Passage of the Homestead Act in 1862 encour- aged settlement of the Great Plains by (1) providing free land to farmers (2) removing barriers to Asian immigration (3) supplying land to build transcontinental railroads (4) placing Native American Indians on reservations   1   2   3   4   Half-n-half Clue   16. 16 Which heading best completes the partial outline below? I. _______ A. Freedmen’s Bureau B. Passage of the 14th amendment C. Military occupation of the South (1) Development of States Rights (2) Results of Manifest Destiny (3) Elements of Reconstruction (4) Limits on Civil Rights   1   2   3   4   Half-n-half Clue   17. 17 Between 1865 and 1900, how did the growth of industry affect American society? (1) Trade with other nations declined. (2) Business leaders called for lower tariffs. (3) The urban population increased. (4) Corporations supported the growth of labor unions.   1   2   3   4   Half-n-half Clue   18. 18 The federal government reacted to the Supreme Court’s ruling in Wabash, St. Louis & Pacific Railway Co. v. Illinois (1886) by (1) passing the Interstate Commerce Act (2) weakening the influence of banks over big business (3) abandoning the government’s attempts to break up monopolies (4) encouraging railroad employees to form unions   1   2   3   4   Half-n-half Clue   19. 19 In the late 1800s, the corporation became an important form of business organization primarily because it (1) had closer ties with its employees (2) could raise large amounts of investment capital (3) made better quality products (4) called for conservation of natural resources   1   2   3   4   Half-n-half Clue   20. Base your answer to question 20 on the passage below and on your knowledge of social studies. . . . The object of the amendment was undoubtedly to enforce the absolute equality of the two races before the law, but, in the nature of things, it could not have been intended to abolish distinctions based upon color, or to enforce social, as distinguished from political, equality, or a commingling of the two races upon terms unsatisfactory to either. Laws permitting, and even requiring, their separation in places where they are liable to be brought into contact do not necessarily imply the inferiority of either race to the other, and have been generally, if not universally, recognized as within the competency of the state legislatures in the exercise of their police power. The most common instance of this is connected with the establishment of separate schools for white and colored [African American] children, which has been held to be a valid exercise of the legislative power even by courts of States where the political rights of the colored race have been longest and most earnestly enforced. . . . - United States Supreme Court, 1896 20 In this 1896 decision, the Supreme Court upheld the constitutionality of (1) the Three-fifths Compromise (2) Jim Crow laws (3) affirmative action programs (4) racial integration   1   2   3   4   Half-n-half Clue