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1.
Part A
Answer all questions in this part.
Directions (1 - 35): For each statement or question, choose the word or expression that, of those given, best
completes the statement or answers the question. Some questions may require the use of the 2011 Edition
Reference Tables for Physical Setting/Earth Science. Record your answers on your separate answer sheet.
1 In which sequence are the celestial objects
correctly listed in order from the smallest mass to
the largest mass?
(1) Saturn, solar system, Milky Way, universe
(2) Saturn, universe, Milky Way, solar system
(3) Milky Way, Saturn, solar system, universe
(4) Milky Way, universe, solar system, Saturn Answer: 1 2. 2 The red shift of light from distant galaxies
provides evidence that these galaxies are
(1) decreasing in size
(2) increasing in size
(3) decreasing in distance from Earth
(4) increasing in distance from Earth Answer: 4 3. 3 The best evidence of Earthâs rotation is provided
by the
(1) Foucault pendulum and global warming
(2) Foucault pendulum and Coriolis effect
(3) Moon phases and global warming
(4) Moon phases and Coriolis effect Answer: 2
4. 4 Which sphere of Earth covers approximately 70%
of Earthâs surface?
(1) atmosphere (3) hydrosphere
(2) lithosphere (4) asthenosphere Answer: 3 5. 5 Some of the constellations that are visible to
New York State observers at midnight in
December are different from the constellations
that are visible at midnight in June because
(1) constellations rotate on an axis
(2) constellations revolve around Earth
(3) Earth rotates on its axis
(4) Earth revolves around the Sun Answer: 4 6. 6 The diagram below represents Earth and the
Moon as viewed from above the North Pole.
Points A, B, C, and D are locations on Earthâs
surface.
According to the diagram, where will high ocean
tides and low ocean tides most likely be located?
(1) high tides at A and B; low tides at C and D
(2) high tides at B and D; low tides at A and C
(3) high tides at A and C; low tides at B and D
(4) high tides at C and D; low tides at A and B Answer: 2 7. 7 Urbanization affects the amount of vegetation
and runoff in an area by
(1) decreasing vegetation and decreasing runoff
(2) decreasing vegetation and increasing runoff
(3) increasing vegetation and decreasing runoff
(4) increasing vegetation and increasing runoff Answer: 2 8. 8 A severe thunderstorm warning was issued on a
warm summer afternoon. Which present weather
symbol represents the dangerous solid form of
precipitation that is commonly associated with
some of these severe thunderstorms?
Answer: 3 9. 9 The station model below represents the weather
conditions for a location in New York State.
The barometric trend for the past three hours at
this location indicates a steady increase of
(1) 0.2 mb (3) 0.002 mb
(2) 2.0 mb (4) 0.02 mb Answer: 1 10. 10 Which New York State location is most often
affected by lake-effect snow storms caused by
winds blowing over Lake Ontario?
(1) Jamestown (3) Oswego
(2) Plattsburgh (4) Riverhead Answer: 3 11. 11 Which type of air mass would most likely form
over the Pacific Ocean north of the Aleutian
Trench?
(1) mP (3) cP
(2) mT (4) cT Answer: 1 12. 12 Mount Kilimanjaro is located in eastern Africa
at 3° S. Which climate factor best explains the
presence of permanent snow on its peak?
(1) latitude (3) prevailing winds
(2) elevation (4) ocean currents Answer: 2 13. 13 In which portion of the electromagnetic
spectrum is the maximum intensity of Earthâs
outgoing radiation?
(1) visible light (3) infrared
(2) gamma rays (4) ultraviolet Answer: 3 14. 14 A solar water heater contains fluid-filled tubing
that absorbs sunlight energy on its outside
surface. Which tubing exterior will best absorb
insolation?
(1) dark-colored and rough
(2) dark-colored and smooth
(3) light-colored and rough
(4) light-colored and smooth Answer: 1 15. 15 Equal masses of granite, iron, copper, and lead
are placed in sunlight. Based on specific heat,
which material will warm up the fastest?
(1) granite (3) copper
(2) iron (4) lead Answer: 4
16. 16 During explosive volcanic eruptions, large
amounts of ash entering Earthâs atmosphere
often rise to an altitude of 20 kilometers. What is
the most likely effect of this ash cloud?
(1) a decrease in the insolation reaching Earthâs
surface
(2) a decrease in the thickness of Earthâs strato-
sphere layer
(3) an increase in the insolation reaching Earthâs
surface
(4) an increase in the thickness of Earthâs strato-
sphere layer Answer: 1 17. 17 The map below shows some tectonic plate
boundaries near South America and Africa.
Letters A, B, C, and D represent locations on
Earthâs surface.
Which location most likely has the youngest
bedrock?
(1) A (3) C
(2) B (4) D Answer: 3 18. 18 Compared to the average density and composi-
tion of oceanic crust, continental crust is
(1) less dense and more felsic
(2) less dense and more mafic
(3) more dense and more felsic
(4) more dense and more mafic Answer: 1 19. 19 The Hawaiian Islands were formed as a result of
(1) lava flowing over Earthâs surface where two
tectonic plates move apart
(2) an oceanic plate moving over a mantle hot
spot
(3) two oceanic plates colliding to form an island
arc
(4) tectonic plates sliding past each other Answer: 2 20. 20 The block diagram below represents the under-
lying bedrock structure of a landscape region.
Which diagram represents the most likely stream
drainage pattern on the surface of this landscape?
Answer: 4 21. 21 Which characteristics identify mountain land-
scape regions?
(1) steep slopes with deformed bedrock
(2) steep slopes with horizontal bedrock
(3) gentle slopes with deformed bedrock
(4) gentle slopes with horizontal bedrock Answer: 1 22. 22 Which agent of erosion causes the sandblasting
of bedrock?
(1) glaciers (3) running water
(2) wind (4) wave action Answer: 2 23. 23 The photograph below shows wire netting
installed over a steep rock outcrop.
This wire netting has been installed to prevent
loss of property or life resulting from
(1) crosscutting and downwarping
(2) folding and faulting
(3) weathering and erosion
(4) high winds and flooding Answer: 3 24. 24 Which two minerals are commercial sources of
iron?
(1) galena and graphite
(2) muscovite mica and biotite mica
(3) garnet and fluorite
(4) hematite and magnetite Answer: 4 25. 25 Which mineral can be found in the rocks phyllite,
sandstone, and granite?
(1) quartz (3) gypsum
(2) pyroxene (4) calcite Answer: 1 26. 26 Which diagram best represents Earthâs axis
position relative to Earthâs orbital plane?
Answer: 2 27. 27 In which cross section do the arrows represent
the most probable direction of air movement
over land and water surfaces at an ocean coast on
a hot, sunny, summer afternoon?
Answer: 4 28. 28 The table below shows the average diameter and
falling velocity of five types of precipitation. The
data for moderate rain have been left blank.
What are the probable values for the average
diameter and falling velocity of the raindrops
found in moderate rain?
(1) average diameter = 1.20 mm
falling velocity = 4.6 m/sec
(2) average diameter = 1.20 mm
falling velocity = 5.7 m/sec
(3) average diameter = 1.60 mm
falling velocity = 4.6 m/sec
(4) average diameter = 1.60 mm
falling velocity = 5.7 m/sec Answer: 4 29. 29 Which New York State index fossil is classified as
a coral?
Answer: 1 30. 30 The map below shows the weak trade winds and strong equatorial countercurrent in the Pacific Ocean
during El Niño conditions. This causes warm surface ocean water to migrate eastward, lowering the
atmospheric pressure above this warm water.
What are the most likely changes to atmospheric temperature and precipitation along the west coast of
South America during El Niño conditions?
(1) lower temperatures and lower amounts of precipitation
(2) lower temperatures and higher amounts of precipitation
(3) higher temperatures and lower amounts of precipitation
(4) higher temperatures and higher amounts of precipitation Answer: 4 31. 31 The cross sections below represent two bedrock outcrops 15 kilometers apart. Numbers 1 through 9 indicate
rock layers. Some layers contain index fossils. No overturning of rock layers has occurred.
Which layers most likely formed during the same geologic time period?
(1) 1 and 8 (3) 3 and 7
(2) 2 and 9 (4) 4 and 5 Answer: 3 32. 32 Labeled lines on the map below show the inferred location of Earthâs equator during the middle of several
geologic periods.
Approximately how many million years ago (mya) was the region around current-day Watertown, New York,
located the nearest to the equator?
(1) 270 mya (3) 340 mya
(2) 300 mya (4) 450 mya Answer: 3 33. 33 Which table correctly matches rock textures with a sedimentary rock that exhibits each texture?
Answer: 4 34. 34 The data table below shows the dry-bulb and wet-bulb temperatures measured with a psychrometer on four
different days at the same location.
According to the data shown in the table, which day had the highest relative humidity?
(1) 1 (3) 3
(2) 2 (4) 4 Answer: 4 35. 35 The cross section below represents a lithospheric plate boundary.
In which diagram do the arrows show the relative directions of plate movement at this type of plate boundary?
Answer: 2
36.
Part B - 1
Answer all questions in this part.
Directions (36 - 50): For each statement or question, choose the word or expression that, of those given,
best completes the statement or answers the question. Some questions may require the use of the 2011 Edition
Reference Tables for Physical Setting/Earth Science. Record your answers on your separate answer sheet.
Base your answers to questions 36 through 38 on the information and diagram below and on your knowledge
of Earth science. The diagram represents a simplified model of the early formation of Earthâs interior.
Early in its formation, Earth was a molten mass of evenly mixed composition. During
the next few million years, the heavier and more dense elements sank to the center,
while lighter and less dense elements rose toward the surface. This is called chemical
fractionation.
36 Chemical fractionation is most likely caused by
(1) solidification (3) magnetic force
(2) gravity (4) chemical weathering Answer: 2 37. 37 Approximately how many years ago did Earth and other planets in our solar system begin the process of
chemical fractionation?
(1) 8.2 billion years ago (3) 542 million years ago
(2) 13.8 billion years ago (4) 4600 million years ago Answer: 4 38. 38 Which pair of elements sank to Earthâs center during chemical fractionation?
(1) aluminum and silicon (3) iron and nickel
(2) carbon and sulfur (4) oxygen and potassium Answer: 3 39. Base your answers to questions 39 through 41 on the diagram below and on your knowledge of Earth science.
The diagram represents the apparent path of the Sun through the sky as viewed by an observer in the Northern
Hemisphere. Points A, B, C, and D represent four positions of the Sun.
39 This apparent path of the Sun through the sky is caused by
(1) Earthâs revolution around the Sun (3) the Sunâs revolution around Earth
(2) Earthâs rotation on its axis (4) the Sunâs rotation on its axis Answer: 2 40. 40 The observer has the longest shadow when the Sun is at position
(1) A (3) C
(2) B (4) D Answer: 4 41. 41 What is the approximate time of day when the Sun is at position C?
(1) 6 a.m. (3) 3 p.m.
(2) 9 a.m. (4) 6 p.m. Answer: 3 42. Base your answers to questions 42 and 43 on the diagram below and on your knowledge of Earth science.
The diagram represents three tubes, A, B, and C, each containing an equal volume of uniform-sized spherical
beads. The bottom of each tube is covered with a wire screen. XY is a reference line.
42 Which bar graph would best represent the rate of water infiltration through tubes A, B, and C?
Answer: 3 43. 43 These tubes are placed in water up to the level of line XY to demonstrate capillarity. After one hour,
the height of the water above line XY will be
(1) highest in tube A (3) highest in tube C
(2) highest in tube B (4) the same height in all three tubes Answer: 1 44. Base your answers to questions 44 through 46 on the block diagram below and on your knowledge of Earth
science. The block diagram represents a river drainage system. A portion of the river, seen in box A, has been
enlarged. Points X and Y are on opposite sides of the river. Letter B indicates the location where the river enters
the ocean.
44 The area of land drained by this river and its tributaries is best described as the riverâs
(1) topography (3) water table
(2) watershed (4) floodplain Answer: 2 45. 45 Which cross section best represents the profile of the bottom of the river between points X and Y at
location A?
Answer: 4 46. 46 Which cross section represents the most likely pattern of sediments deposited where the river enters the
ocean at location B?
Answer: 2 47. Base your answers to questions 47 through 50 on the graph below and on your knowledge of Earth science.
The graph shows the percentages of the radioactive isotope carbon-14 (14C) and its disintegration product
produced during four half-lives of radioactive decay.
47 Radioactive carbon-14 is often useful in determining the absolute age of geologic samples because
radioactive isotopes
(1) decay at a regular rate (3) remain unchanged over time
(2) become less stable during decay (4) stabilize after four half-lives Answer: 1 48. 48 Which disintegration product is represented on the graph?
Answer: 4 49. 49 How many half-lives have passed if a sample contains 25% of its original carbon-14?
(1) 1 half-life (3) 3 half-lives
(2) 2 half-lives (4) 4 half-lives Answer: 2 50. 50 The age of which index fossil could be determined by using carbon-14?
Answer: 3
51.
Part B - 2
Answer all questions in this part.
Directions (51 - 65): Record your answers in the spaces provided in your answer booklet. Some questions may
require the use of the 2011 Edition Reference Tables for Physical Setting/Earth Science.
Base your answers to questions 51 through 53 on the graph below and on your knowledge of Earth science.
The graph shows the percentage of the lighted portion of the Moon that is visible to an observer in New York
State through eight consecutive Moon phases.
51 The phases of the Moon are said to be waxing when the lighted portion of the Moon gradually increases over
time. Identify the numbered phase of the Moon when waxing begins and the numbered phase when waxing
ends. [1] Answer: MODEL ANSWER GIVEN BELOW[1] Allow 1 credit for waxing begins at Phase 1 or New Moon and waxing ends at Phase 5 or
Full Moon.
52. 52 On the diagram in your answer booklet, place an X on the Moonâs orbit to represent the Moonâs position at
phase 5. [1]
Answer: MODEL ANSWER GIVEN BELOW[1] Allow 1 credit if the center of the X is within or touches the clear banded region shown below.
Note: Allow credit if a symbol other than an X is used.
It is recommended that an overlay of the same scale as the student answer booklet be used
to ensure reliability in rating.
53. 53 The diagram below represents the appearance of the Moon at phase 3 as seen by an observer in New York
State.
In the circle in your answer booklet, shade the part of the Moon that appears dark to an observer in
New York State when the Moon is at phase 7. [1] Answer: MODEL ANSWER GIVEN BELOW[1] Allow 1 credit for shading half of the circle on the right side. The edge of the shading should be
within or touching the clear rectangle shown below.
Note: It is recommended that an overlay of the same scale as the student answer booklet be used
to ensure reliability in rating.
Examples of 1-credit responses:
54. Base your answers to questions 54 through 57 on the flowchart below and on your knowledge of Earth
science. The flowchart represents possible pathways in the evolution of stars.
54 Based on this flowchart, identify the characteristic of a main sequence star that determines whether the star
becomes a giant or a supergiant. [1] Answer: MODEL ANSWER GIVEN BELOW Allow 1 credit. Acceptable responses include, but are not limited to:
- mass
- amount of matter in a star
- how massive the star is
- size
Note: Do not allow credit for âluminosityâ because, even though luminosity is related to the mass
of a star, this is not how scientists classify the life cycle of stars based on this flowchart.
55. 55 State the name of one star labeled on the Characteristics of Stars graph in the Earth Science Reference
Tables that may become either a black hole or neutron star. [1] Answer: MODEL ANSWER GIVEN BELOW Allow 1 credit for Rigel or Deneb or Betelgeuse or Spica or Polaris.
56. 56 Identify the nuclear process that occurs when lighter elements in a star combine to form heavier elements,
producing the starâs radiant energy. [1] Answer: MODEL ANSWER GIVEN BELOW Allow 1 credit for fusion or nuclear fusion.
57. 57 In your answer booklet, circle the relative surface temperature and relative luminosity of the main sequence
star Sirius compared with the surface temperature and luminosity of the Sun. [1]
Answer: MODEL ANSWER GIVEN BELOW Allow 1 credit if both higher relative surface temperature and greater relative luminosity are
circled.
58. Base your answers to questions 58 through 61 on the topographic map in your answer booklet and on
your knowledge of Earth science. Points A, B, C, and D represent locations on Earthâs surface. Elevations are
measured in meters.
58 On the map in your answer booklet, draw the 200-meter contour line in the southern portion of the map.
Extend the contour line to the edges of the map. [1]
Answer: MODEL ANSWER GIVEN BELOW[1] Allow 1 credit for correctly drawing the 200-meter contour line extended to the edges of the map.
Note: If additional contour lines are drawn, all must be drawn correctly to receive credit.
Example of a 1-credit response:
59. 59 On the grid in your answer booklet, construct a topographic profile along line AB by plotting the elevation
of each contour line that crosses line AB. The elevations of points A and B have been plotted on the grid.
Connect all ten plots with a line from A to B to complete the profile. [1]
Answer: MODEL ANSWER GIVEN BELOW[1] Allow 1 credit if the centers of all eight student plots are within or touch the clear rectangles shown
below and all ten plots are correctly connected with a line that passes within or touches the
rectangles. The line must show the highest elevation above 600 m, but below 700 m.
Note: Allow credit if the line does not pass through the students plots, but is still within or touches
the rectangles.
It is recommended that an overlay of the same scale as the student answer booklet be used
to ensure reliability in rating.
60. 60 Calculate the gradient between points C and D. Label your answer with the correct units. [1] Answer: MODEL ANSWER GIVEN BELOW Allow 1 credit for any value from 73 to 77 or ⫺73 to ⫺77 with the correct units. Acceptable
responses include, but are not limited to:
- m/km
- meters/kilometers
61. 61 Identify the compass direction toward which Kim Brook flows. Describe the evidence shown on the map
that indicates the water flows downhill in that compass direction. [1] Answer: MODEL ANSWER GIVEN BELOW Allow 1 credit if both responses are correct. Acceptable responses include, but are not limited to:
Compass direction:
- NE
- east northeast
- NNE
- from SW to NE
Evidence:
- Contour lines bend upstream when they cross Kim Brook.
- Contour lines make a V shape at Kim Brook and the V points uphill.
- The brook flows out of the Vs.
- Kim Brook flows from a higher to a lower elevation.
- Elevations decrease toward the northeast.
- Kim Brook flows to sea level/the ocean.
Note: Do not accept âfrom the SWâ only, because this does not indicate the direction toward
which it flows.
Do not accept âwater flows downhillâ because this is given in the question.
62. Base your answers to questions 62 through 65 on the information below and on your knowledge of Earth
science.
Adirondack Earthquake
On October 7, 1983, a magnitude 5.3 earthquake occurred in New York Stateâs
Adirondack region. The earthquakeâs epicenter was at Blue Mountain Lake, which is
located approximately 32 miles (50 kilometers) southwest of Mt. Marcy.
62 In your answer booklet, circle the New York State location (Old Forge or New York City) that recorded the
greater amount of time between the arrival of the first P-wave and the arrival of the first S-wave from the
Blue Mountain Lake earthquake. Explain why this location had the greater difference between the P-wave
and S-wave arrival times. [1]
2 Circle one: Old Forge New York City
Explanation: Answer: MODEL ANSWER GIVEN BELOW Allow 1 credit for both circling New York City and providing an acceptable explanation.
Acceptable responses include, but are not limited to:
- New York City is farther from the epicenter, so there is a greater difference between the
arrival of the first P-wave and the first S-wave.
- As distance to the epicenter increases, the difference in arrival times increases.
- Old Forge is closer to the epicenter near Blue Mountain Lake (or Mt. Marcy) so the arrival
times are closer together.
Note: Allow credit if New York City is not circled, but is correctly used in the explanation.
All responses must correctly refer to the earthquake epicenter or earthquake origin to
receive credit.
63. 63 Determine how long it took the first P-wave to travel from Blue Mountain Lake to a seismic station
1200 kilometers away. [1] Answer: MODEL ANSWER GIVEN BELOW Allow 1 credit for any value from 2 min 30 s to 2 min 40 s.
64. 64 Identify one type of metamorphic surface bedrock where this earthquake epicenter was located. [1] Answer: MODEL ANSWER GIVEN BELOW Allow 1 credit. Acceptable responses include, but are not limited to:
- gneiss
- quartzite
- marble
- anorthositic rocks
65. 65 Perth, Australia, is located almost directly on the opposite side of Earth from the epicenter of this
earthquake. A seismograph in Perth received P-waves but not S-waves from this earthquake. Identify
the interior layer of Earth and the characteristic of this layer that prevented the S-waves from arriving at
Perth. [1] Answer: MODEL ANSWER GIVEN BELOW Allow 1 credit for both outer core and an acceptable characteristic. Acceptable responses include,
but are not limited to:
Characteristic of this layer:
- liquid/fluid
- molten rock
- melted iron and nickel
- temperature greater than melting point
Note: Do not accept âcoreâ alone because it does not indicate the liquid part of the core.
66.
Part C
Answer all questions in this part.
Directions (66 - 85): Record your answers in the spaces provided in your answer booklet. Some questions may
require the use of the 2011 Edition Reference Tables for Physical Setting/Earth Science.
Base your answers to questions 66 through 68 on the diagram below and on your knowledge of Earth science.
The diagram represents Earth on the first day of a season. The equator, several lines of longitude, and the North
and South Poles have been labeled. Letters A through D represent locations on Earthâs surface.
66 Identify one possible date that is represented by the position of Earth in this diagram. [1] Answer: MODEL ANSWER GIVEN BELOW Allow 1 credit. Acceptable responses include, but are not limited to:
- March 19, 20, 21, or 22
- September 21, 22, 23, or 24
- Spring/vernal equinox
- Autumn/fall equinox
- equinox
- 3/20
67. 67 State whether the relative altitude of Polaris at location A is lower or higher than at location B. Explain why
this difference is observed. [1] Answer: MODEL ANSWER GIVEN BELOW Allow 1 credit for both lower and an acceptable explanation. Acceptable responses include, but are
not limited to:
Explanation:
- Location A is farther from the North Pole, where Polaris is directly overhead.
- Location A is at a lower latitude.
- closer to the equator
- As latitude decreases, altitude of Polaris decreases.
- Location B is farther north.
- altitude of Polaris ⫽ latitude of observer
- They are at different latitudes.
Note: Do not allow credit for âlocation B is closer to Polarisâ or âlocation A is farther from Polarisâ
because all locations on Earth are essentially the same distance from Polaris.
68. 68 State the solar time at location D if the solar time at location C is 6:00 a.m. Indicate a.m. or p.m. in your
answer. [1] Answer: MODEL ANSWER GIVEN BELOW Allow 1 credit for a response that indicates a time value of 8 a.m. Acceptable responses include,
but are not limited to:
- 8:00 a.m.
- 8 a.m.
- 8 oâclock in the morning
- 0800
69. Base your answers to questions 69 through 72 on the data table below, on the map in your answer booklet,
and on your knowledge of Earth science. The data table shows latitude and longitude locations of the center of
Hurricane Odile recorded at the same time each day from September 12 to September 18, 2014. The data table
also shows the hurricaneâs barometric pressure in millibars (mb) and wind speed in knots (kt). The location of
La Paz, Mexico, is indicated on the map.
69 On the map in your answer booklet, plot the seven locations of Hurricane Odile indicated by the latitudes
and longitudes shown in the data table. Connect all seven plots with a line. [1]
Answer: MODEL ANSWER GIVEN BELOW[1] Allow 1 credit if the centers of all seven plots are within or touch the circles shown and are
correctly connected with a line that passes within or touches each circle.
Note: Allow credit if the line does not pass through the studentâs plots, but is still within or touches
the circles.
It is recommended that an overlay of the same scale as the student answer booklet be used
to ensure reliability in rating.
Example of a 1-credit response:
70. 70 Using the set of axes in your answer booklet, draw a line to represent the general relationship between
barometric pressure and wind speed associated with Hurricane Odile. [1]
Answer: MODEL ANSWER GIVEN BELOW[1] Allow 1 credit for a line that shows a negative slope. Acceptable responses include, but are not
limited to:
Examples of 1-credit responses:
71. 71 Identify one weather instrument that was used to measure the wind speed of Hurricane Odile. [1] Answer: MODEL ANSWER GIVEN BELOW Allow 1 credit. Acceptable responses include, but are not limited to:
- anemometer
- wind speed meter
- wind gauge
- Doppler radar/radar
- pitot tube
72. 72 Describe two actions that a person living in La Paz, Mexico, could take to prepare for an approaching
hurricane. [1] Answer: MODEL ANSWER GIVEN BELOW Allow 1 credit for two correct actions. Acceptable responses include, but are not limited to:
- Move to an emergency shelter, shelter or bunker.
- Evacuate./Learn evacuation routes.
- Stock up on supplies of food, water, and medicine.
- Assemble an emergency kit.
- Cover windows./Board up windows.
- Secure outdoor furniture.
- Get a generator./Make sure generator is working.
- Ensure vehicle has full tank of gas.
- Charge or stock up on batteries for electronic equipment.
- Stack sandbags where needed.
73. Base your answers to questions 73 through 75 on the cross section below and on your knowledge of Earth
science. On the cross section, letters A through F represent rock units. Line XX' indicates an unconformity and
line YY' indicates a fault. No overturning of rock layers has occurred.
73 Identify the name of the rock formed in the zone of contact metamorphism between rock units A
and F. [1] Answer: MODEL ANSWER GIVEN BELOW Allow 1 credit for quartzite or hornfels.
74. 74 List two processes that produced unconformity XX'. [1] Answer: MODEL ANSWER GIVEN BELOW Allow 1 credit for two correct responses. Acceptable responses include, but are not limited to:
- uplift/emergence
- weathering
- erosion
- subsidence/submergence
- deposition
- burial
75. 75 In your answer booklet, list the letters of rock units D, E, F, and fault YY' in the correct sequence from
oldest to youngest. [1]
Answer: MODEL ANSWER GIVEN BELOW Allow 1 credit for D â fault YY' â E â F.
Note: Allow credit for fault, or YY' alone, or Y alone in place of fault YY'.
Allow credit if the correct rock names are substituted for D (gneiss), E (diorite) and
F (basalt).
76. Base your answers to questions 76 through 79 on the passage and cross section below, and on your knowledge
of Earth science. The cross section represents the elevation and depth of each Finger Lake in New York State.
The gray shading in each lake represents the sediment fill at the bottom of each lake.
Formation of the Finger Lakes
The Finger Lakes originated as a series of south-flowing rivers that existed in what
is now central New York State. Around 1.7 to 1.8 million years ago, a continental glacier
advanced southward, beginning an ice age that consisted of many advances and retreats
of glaciers. The Finger Lakes were carved by several of these advances, which gouged
the valleys of the rivers into deep troughs, some of which extend below present-day sea
level. As the glaciers advanced, they pushed a great amount of soil and rock ahead of
them. During the time when the ice sheets were melting and retreating, glacial moraines
were left behind. These deposits dammed the glacial valleys at their southern ends, and
the valleys then flooded to form the Finger Lakes.
76 Identify one Finger Lake that has a maximum water depth of approximately 175 feet. [1] Answer: MODEL ANSWER GIVEN BELOW Allow 1 credit for Owasco Lake or Keuka Lake.
77. 77 Identify the geologic time period and epoch when these continental glaciers formed the Finger Lakes of
New York State. [1] Answer: MODEL ANSWER GIVEN BELOW Allow 1 credit for both the Quaternary Period and Pleistocene Epoch.
78. 78 Describe one way that the arrangement of sediments in the glacial moraines is different from the arrangement
of sediments deposited in the earlier river channels. [1] Answer: MODEL ANSWER GIVEN BELOW Allow 1 credit. Acceptable responses include, but are not limited to:
- Glacial moraine deposits are unsorted/mixed.
- Glacial deposits in a moraine are unlayered.
- unsorted
- River deposits are sorted.
79. 79 Describe the cross-sectional shape of the original river valleys before they were gouged by the advancing
glaciers. [1] Answer: MODEL ANSWER GIVEN BELOW Allow 1 credit. Acceptable responses include, but are not limited to:
- V-shaped valleys
- narrow valley bottom with gently sloped sides
80. Base your answers to questions 80 and 81 on the map below and on your knowledge of Earth science.
The map shows the locations of the Coast Range and Cascade Range in the Pacific Northwest of the United States
and two cities in this region.
80 Identify the name of the cool surface ocean current that influences the climate of this region. [1] Answer: MODEL ANSWER GIVEN BELOW Allow 1 credit for California Current.
81. 81 Explain why the difference between average winter and summer temperatures is smaller in Long Beach
than in Richland. [1] Answer: MODEL ANSWER GIVEN BELOW Allow 1 credit. Acceptable responses include, but are not limited to:
- The Pacific Ocean moderates the climate of Long Beach.
- Water has a higher specific heat and temperatures change more slowly.
- Long Beach is near a large body of water.
- Richland is farther inland.
- Long Beach has a marine climate, whereas Richlandâs is more continental.
- It is located closer to a large body of water.
82. Base your answers to questions 82 through 85 on the diagram below and on your knowledge of Earth
science. The diagram represents a portion of the scheme for igneous rock identification. Line AB represents the
percentages of the minerals in igneous rock 1 and line CD represents the percentages of the minerals in igneous
rock 2.
82 Rock 1 is a glassy, vesicular igneous rock. Identify the name of rock 1. [1] Answer: MODEL ANSWER GIVEN BELOW Allow 1 credit for pumice.
83. 83 Compared to the color and density of igneous rock 1, describe how the relative color and density of igneous
rock 2 are different. [1] Answer: MODEL ANSWER GIVEN BELOW Allow 1 credit if both responses are acceptable. Acceptable responses include, but are not limited to:
Relative color of rock 2:
- Igneous rock 2 is darker/dark.
- blacker/black
- greener/green
- Rock 1 is lighter than rock 2.
Relative density of rock 2:
- Igneous rock 2 has a higher density.
- greater
- more dense/denser
- Rock 1 is less dense than rock 2.
Note: Do not accept âmore maficâ for either relative color or relative density of rock 2, as this
refers to composition.
84. 84 Explain why andesite and diorite can both have the same percentage of mineral composition by volume, and
yet be two different igneous rocks. [1] Answer: MODEL ANSWER GIVEN BELOW Allow 1 credit. Acceptable responses include, but are not limited to:
- The rocks may have different environments of formation.
- Diorite is plutonic and andesite is volcanic.
- One forms from cooling magma, and one forms from cooling lava.
- They cooled at different rates.
- They have different grain sizes or textures.
- One is extrusive and one is intrusive.
- They formed differently.
85. 85 The table in your answer booklet shows the composition of three minerals commonly found in igneous
rocks. Complete the table by placing one X in each row to indicate if that mineral is found in both rock 1 and
rock 2, neither rock 1 nor rock 2, rock 1 only, or rock 2 only. [1]
Answer: MODEL ANSWER GIVEN BELOW85 [1] Allow 1 credit if all three Xs are only placed in the correct boxes as shown below.
Note: Allow credit if a symbol other than an X is used.
Try the Quiz : Earth Science - New York Regents August 2017 Exam
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