1. to be a strong factor preventing something   militate   mitigate   2. growing abundantly   luxurious   luxuriant   3. to disobey openly and contemptuously   flout   flaunt   4. introduction to a book or work of art; preface   forward   foreword   5. frank; artless; naive   ingenuous   ingenious   6. reluctant; unwilling   loath   loathe   7. a hooked stick for landing large fish   gaffe   gaff