| HISTORICAL WORD | MEANING |
| alliance | union, confederation, or formal relation between States by agreement |
| anthropologist | scientist who studies man and society |
| appeasement | satisfaction of aggressor by granting of concessions |
| archaeologist | scientist who studies prehistoric remains and artifacts of early man |
| archery | use of bow and arrows |
| barter | trade by exchange of goods |
| Brahma | supreme Hindu deity or creator of the universe |
| caliph, Khalifa | successor of prophet Mohammed; official head of Islam |
| caste | social class in Hindu society based on birth |
| cavalry | soldiers on horseback |
| coalition | temporary alliance between political parties |
| colony | territory directly controlled by an outside power, sometimes by force |
| covenant | sealed contract or binding agreement |
| custom | traditional and generally accepted practice |
| daimyo | warrior knight of Japan directly below the shogun during the feudal period |
| disciple | student or follower of a leader of religious thought |
| dynasty | ruling family with line of hereditary rulers |
| expedition | voyage or journey with a definite purpose |
| federation | union formed by joining together of two or more states |
| feudalism | system of rule by local lords with ties of loyalty to a king |
| fief | territory held in fee or provided in exchange for loyalty |
| haiku | short Japanese poem that describes scene or generates feelings |
| imperialism | rule of emperor or control of colony / region by another country |
| infantry | soldiers on foot |
| Koran | sacred book of Mohammedans |
| minaret | slender tower of mosque |
| nirvana | state of losing oneself and attaining impersonal beatitude as per Buddhist highest good |
| nomad | wanderer who roams different pastures |
| quota | share for each person, party or state |
| relics | surviving remnant or memento of holy person kept after death |
| sage | wise and holy person |
| samurai | warrior knight of Japan during the feudal period; army officer in modern Japan |
| scripture | sacred book of a religion or the Bible |
| silt | sediment rich in minerals deposited by moving water or flooding rivers |
| simony | trading of religious offices; trafficking in church promotions |
| sovereign | ruler with supreme power exempt from external control |
| statesman | wise experienced practical politician involved in management of State affairs |
| statue | sculptured figure of person or animal usually the same size as in real life or larger |
| status quo | state of affairs as of some date or event |
| tariff | schedule of duties on goods |
| terrorism | systematic intimidation or unlawful violent acts by a group to further a cause |
| tithe | tax of one-tenth paid to the church, especially of annual land produce |
| zaibatsu | wealthy Japanese families who own large businesses and dominate the economy |
