1. Part I Answer all questions in this part. Directions (1 - 50): For each statement or question, record on your separate answer sheet the number of the word or expression that, of those given, best completes the statement or answers the question. Base your answers to questions 1 and 2 on the model below and on your knowledge of social studies. 1 The activity portrayed in this model could be used as evidence to argue that Egyptians (1) lived in settled communities (2) relied on slash-and-burn technology (3) practiced hunting (4) engaged in foraging   1   2   3   4   Hint Half-n-half Clue   2. 2 An examination of this model would suggest that (1) peasants are excluded from political activity (2) this society lacks a social class system (3) art can provide an understanding of history (4) everyday life is based on religious beliefs   1   2   3   4   Half-n-half Clue   3. 3 Which field of study primarily focuses on governmental powers and the rights of citizens? (1) economics (3) archaeology (2) geography (4) political science   1   2   3   4   Half-n-half Clue   4. 4 One explanation for the fall of the Roman Empire and of the Han dynasty is that they both (1) refused the aid of foreign mercenaries (2) grew too large to govern their territories effectively (3) banned long-distance trade causing economic strain (4) required devotion to a single religion   1   2   3   4   Half-n-half Clue   5. Base your answer to question 5 on the passage below and on your knowledge of social studies. Some several thousand years ago there once thrived a civilization in the Indus Valley. Located in what’s now Pakistan and western India, it was the earliest known urban culture of the Indian subcontinent. The Indus Valley Civilization, as it is called, covered an area the size of western Europe. It was the largest of the four ancient civilizations of Egypt, Mesopotamia, India and China. However, of all these civilizations the least is known about the Indus Valley people. This is because the Indus script has not yet been deciphered. There are many remnants of the script on pottery vessels, seals, and amulets, but without a “Rosetta Stone” linguists and archaeologists have been unable to decipher it. . . . - Tarini J. Carr, “The Harappan Civilization” (adapted) 5 Based on this passage, what is a valid conclusion about civilization in the Indus Valley? (1) Lack of a Rosetta stone has hindered linguists from deciphering Indus Valley script. (2) The absence of pottery vessels and seals from the Indus Valley indicates limited urban development. (3) The Indus Valley civilization controlled a territory that extended from western Europe to China. (4) Artifacts suggest the Indus Valley civilization is older than the civilizations in Egypt and Mesopotamia.   1   2   3   4   Half-n-half Clue   6. 6 The Bantu migration is most closely associated with the spread of (1) bureaucratic governments (2) agricultural skills (3) the diamond trade (4) the principles of Sharia   1   2   3   4   Half-n-half Clue   7. Base your answers to questions 7 and 8 on the map below and on your knowledge of social studies. 7 Which aspect of geography is the primary focus of this map? (1) latitude and longitude (2) climate and culture (3) humans interacting on Earth (4) humans adapting their environment   1   2   3   4   Half-n-half Clue   8. 8 Based on this map, which statement is true of trade routes around A.D. 600? (1) Most trade was occurring across the Pacific Ocean. (2) Trade began in Ghana and spread down the Niger River. (3) Northern Africa was isolated from trade with Asia. (4) Trade took place over a network of land and sea routes.   1   2   3   4   Half-n-half Clue   9. 9 Which statement about the Gupta Empire is a fact rather than an opinion? (1) India’s strongest leaders came from the Gupta Empire. (2) The Gupta Empire developed advancements in the areas of mathematics and science. (3) The achievements of the Gupta Empire surpassed those of the Tang dynasty in China. (4) Gupta paintings found on the walls of the Ajanta caves were superior to the art produced during the Mauryan Empire.   1   2   3   4   Half-n-half Clue   10. 10 What was a major contribution of the Byzantine Empire? (1) adoption of democratic ideas from Russia (2) spread of humanism and secularism across Europe (3) reunification of eastern and western Christendom (4) preservation of Greek and Roman culture   1   2   3   4   Half-n-half Clue   11. 11 Which technological innovation was essential to stimulate the expansion of the gold-salt trade in West Africa? (1) lateen sail (3) camel caravans (2) iron cannons (4) moveable type   1   2   3   4   Half-n-half Clue   12. 12 Which geographic factor of Korea most directly influenced the spread of Chinese culture to Japan? (1) rivers (3) climate (2) mountains (4) location   1   2   3   4   Half-n-half Clue   13. Base your answer to question 13 on the excerpt below and on your knowledge of social studies. 1. Japanese ships are strictly forbidden to leave for foreign countries. 2. No Japanese is permitted to go abroad. If there is anyone who attempts to do so secretly, he must be executed. The ship so involved must be impounded and its owner arrested, and the matter must be reported to the higher authority. 3. If any Japanese returns from overseas after residing there, he must be put to death. . . . - The Edict of 1635 Addressed to the Joint Bugyo - of Nagasaki 13 These rules were made by the Japanese in an attempt to (1) further cultural diffusion and strengthen interdependence (2) limit the influence of foreigners in their country (3) regulate prisoner exchanges with overseas neighbors (4) reduce the power of the shogun and the emperor   1   2   3   4   Half-n-half Clue   14. 14 A major reason the Renaissance began in the Italian city-states was their (1) military success against the Seljuk Turks (2) access to goods from the Americas (3) location on the Mediterranean Sea (4) dependence on the teachings of the Catholic Church   1   2   3   4   Half-n-half Clue   15. 15 What was a consequence of the Protestant Reformation? (1) Secular rulers became more powerful. (2) Judaism dominated southern Europe. (3) The Holy Roman Empire became a republic. (4) Religious differences were peacefully settled.   1   2   3   4   Half-n-half Clue   16. 16 What was one reason China ended overseas exploration after the death of Zheng He in 1433? (1) China’s fleet of ships was destroyed by European navies. (2) Tribute payments to the Japanese shogunate drained the Ming treasury. (3) The Ming dynasty ended the authority of Confucian scholars. (4) The Chinese government decided to focus its efforts on internal affairs.   1   2   3   4   Half-n-half Clue   17. 17 • Use of cannons, foot soldiers, and muskets • Capture of Constantinople in 1453 • Formation of the janissaries as an effective fighting force Which empire is associated with these characteristics? (1) Austro-Hungarian (3) Spanish (2) Ottoman (4) Mughal   1   2   3   4   Half-n-half Clue   18. 18 Inca farmers adapted their environment by growing food in (1) flooded rice paddies (2) terraced fields (3) clear-cut rain forests (4) expansive plantations   1   2   3   4   Half-n-half Clue   19. 19 The policy of mercantilism was intended to (1) enrich European governments (2) end slavery in the Americas (3) promote the isolation of Asia (4) establish religious freedom in New Spain   1   2   3   4   Half-n-half Clue   20. Base your answer to question 20 on the map below and on your knowledge of social studies. 20 This map would be most useful in the study of the (1) spread of Islam (3) routes of the Middle Passage (2) pilgrimage of Mansa Musa (4) commercial connections in East Africa   1   2   3   4   Half-n-half Clue