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Usage of Japanese Scripts

• There are 3 Japanese scripts : Hiragana, Katakana & Kanji. Mostof the Japanese sentences are written in Hiragana, Katakana & Kanji, all three.
• Hiragana is used for the endings of verbs and for grammatical particles.
• Katakanais used for transcription of words borrowed from foreign languages(except Chinese), like country names, personal names, etc.
• Both Hiragana and Katakana letters are a phonetic reperesentation of sound representing exactly the same set of sounds.
• Kanji, which is a set of Chinese characters called sinograms, is used for the nouns and the radicals of verbs.
• The Hiragana script has a Kanji equivalent (excepts the endings of verbs and the particles).
• The Katakana script does not have a Kanji equivalent.
• Whereas Hiragana and Katakana are phonetic representations of sound, Kanji conveys sounds as well as meanings.
• A sentence in Japanese can be written in Hiragana and Katakana only (without Kanji).
• Romaji (Roman letters) is simply the transliteration of  Japanese in the Latin script. It is sometimes used for the convenience of foreigners, mostly on sign-boards and at stations.
• The Romaji vowelsā, ī, ū, ē signify emphasis, and hence are also written asaa, ii, uu et ee. ex. īe = iie
• The vowel ō becomes ou and not oo ex. gakkō = gakkou
• In Katakana, the emphasis on the vowel signifies a long sound written as ー. ex. nōto (notebook), will be written in katakana as : ノート

Example. The sentence 'I'll have tempura and pasta, please.' is written in :

Japanese Romaji :Watashi wa tenpura mo pasuta onegai shimasu. ;

Japanese traditional (Hiragana, Katakana and Kanji) :  私は天んぷらもパスタお願いします。; where
Kanji =  私 (watashi = I),  天 (te), 願 (nega) ; Katakana = パスタ(pasuta = pasta) and the rest is Hiragana.

Japanese Hiragana and Katakana (without Kanji) : わたしはてんぷらもパスタおねがいします。
Note - The Kanjis in the sentence written in Japanese traditional, 私, 天 and 願 are replaced by their hiragana equivalents わたし, てand ねがrespectively.

Note : は (ha) is read (wa) only when it is used as the particle attached to the noun or the subject of a sentence.
は(wa) is always used after the subject.
In the example above, は(wa) comes after the subject Watashi わたし.

Kanji is sometimes written in combination with Hiragana.
In the above example, tenpura (tempura) is written in Kanji as てんぷら and in Hiragana as 天ぷら.
Similarly, onegai (please) is written in Kanji as お願い, and in Hiragana as おねがい. 

Romaji Vocabulary  Hiragana Vocabulary   Katakana Vocabulary  Kanji Vocabulary  

Hiragana Alphabets   Katakana Alphabets   Kanji Characters Tables

• beef          : gyuuniku, gyūniku
  - Hiragana : ぎゅうにく ; Kanji : 牛肉
  
  
• bread        : pan
  - Katakana : パン
  
  
• breakfast   : asagohan
  - Hiragana : あさごはん ; Kanji : 朝御飯
  
  
• butter  : nyuuraku, nyūraku
  - Hiragana : にゅうらく, バター ; Kanji : 乳酪
  
  
• check  : okaikei
  - Hiragana : おかいけい ; Kanji : 会計
  
  
• cheese  : kanraku
  - Hiragana : かんらく ; Kanji : 乾酪
  
  
• chicken  : niwatori
  - Hiragana : にわとり ; Kanji : 鶏
  
  
• coffee  : koohii, kōhī
  - Katakana : コーヒー
  
  
• corn  : kokumotsu
  - Hiragana : こくもつ ; Kanji : 穀物
  
  
• cuisine  : kappou
  - Hiragana : かっぽう ; Kanji : 割烹
  
  
• dessert  : dezaato, dezāto
  - Katakana : デザート
  
  
• dinner  : bangohan
  - Hiragana : ばんごはん ; Kanji : 晩御飯
  
  
• duck  : kamoniku
  - Hiragana : かもにく ; Kanji : 鴨肉
  
  
• egg  : tamago
  - Hiragana : たまご ; Kanji : 卵
  
  
• family  : kazoku
  - Hiragana : かぞく ; Kanji : 家族
  
  
• fish  : sakana
  - Hiragana : さかな ; Kanji : 魚
  
  
• ham  : hamu
  - Katakana : ハム
  
  
• herb  : haabu, hābu
  - Katakana : ハーブ
  
  
• honey  : hachimitsu
  - Hiragana : はちみつ ; Kanji : 蜂蜜
  
  
• lamb  : youniku, yōniku
  - Hiragana : ようにく ; Kanji : 羊肉
  
  
• lunch  : hirugohan
  - Hiragana : ひるごはん ; Kanji : 昼御飯
  
  
• meal  : shokuji
  - Hiragana : しょくじ ; Kanji : 食事
  
  
• menu  : kondate
  - Hiragana : こんだて ; Kanji : 献立
  
  
• order  : chuumon, chūmon
  - Hiragana : ちゅうもん ; Kanji : 注文
  
  
• pasta  : pasuta
  - Katakana : パスタ
  
  
• pepper  : koushou
  - Hiragana : こしょう ; Kanji : 胡椒
  
  
• pork  : butaniku
  - Hiragana : ぶたにく ; Kanji : 豚肉
  
  
• poultry  : kakin
  - Hiragana : かきん ; Kanji : 家禽
  
  
• price  : daika
  - Hiragana : だいか ; Kanji : 代価
  
  
• reservation  : yokaku
  - Hiragana : よやく ; Kanji : 予約
  
  
• restaurant  : ryouriten
  - Hiragana : りょうりてん ; Kanji : 料理店
  
  
• rice            : gohan
  - Hiragana : ごはん ; Kanji :ご飯
  
  
• salt          : shio
  - Hiragana : しお ; Kanji : 塩
  
  
• snack  : sunakku
  - Katakana : スナック
  
  
• soup  : shiru, soppu
  - Hiragana : しる ; Katakana : ソップ ; Kanji : 汁
  
  
• sweets  : okashi
  - Hiragana : おかし ; Kanji : お菓子
  
  
• table  : teeburu, tēburu
  - Katakana : テーブル
  
  
• tea  : cha
  - Hiragana : ちゃ ; Kanji : 茶
  
  
• toilet  : otearai
  - Hiragana : おてあらい ; Kanji : 御手洗い
  
  
• trout  : masu, turauto
  - Hiragana : ます ; Katakana :トラウト ; Kanji : 鱒
  
  
• tuna  : maguro
  - Hiragana : まぐろ ; Kanji : 鮪
  
  
• turkey  : shichimenchou, shichimenchō
  - Hiragana : しちめんちょう ; Kanji : 七面鳥
  
  
• vegetarian  : saishokushugisha
  - Hiragana : さいしょくしゅぎしゃ ; Kanji : 菜食主義者
  
  
• water  : mizu
  - Hiragana : みず ; Kanji : 水
  
  
• waiter  : kyuuji, kyūji
  - Hiragana : きゅうじ ; Kanji : 給仕
  
  
• waitress  : jokyuu, jokyū
  - Hiragana : じょきゅう ; Kanji : 女給
  
  
• wine  : kajitsushu, wain
  - Hiragana : かじつしゅ, ワイン ; Kanji : 果実酒
  
  
• yoghurt  : hakkounyuu, hakkounyū
  - Hiragana : はっこうにゅう ; Kanji : 発酵乳
  
  

Try the Quiz : RESTAURANT (RYŌRIYA)